In what ways has the focus of U.S. defense strategy shifted regarding counterterrorism in the era of great-power competition?

• A. Emphasis on partner capacity-building, targeted CT operations, and competition with state threats while avoiding open-ended CT campaigns.
• B. Open-ended counterterrorism campaigns with no partner involvement.
• C. Eliminating counterterrorism to focus on conventional warfare.
• D. Relying solely on unilateral actions without international cooperation.

Answer: (C)

The shift being tested is that counterterrorism is now pursued as part of a broader great-power competition, using partnerships, capability-building, and precision operations rather than broad, open-ended campaigns. The best approach emphasizes strengthening allies and partners so they can counter threats themselves, which reduces the need for prolonged U.S. involvement and strengthens regional resilience. It also centers targeted counterterrorism actions against specific networks or leaders, tying these efforts to deterring and competing with state threats like peer competitors. This approach avoids long, sprawling campaigns that lack clear end states and legitimacy.

Open-ended campaigns with no partner involvement don’t fit because today’s strategy leans on coalitions and regional partners to share risks and legitimacy. Eliminating counterterrorism would ignore ongoing threats that continue to require targeted action. Relying solely on unilateral actions without international cooperation contradicts the emphasis on alliances and shared responsibility in counterterrorism within a competitive international environment.