Which article of the U.S. Constitution establishes the Judicial Branch and the Supreme Court as the highest court?

• A. Article III - Judicial Branch: Courts interpret laws; Supreme Court is highest.
• B. Article I - Legislative Branch: Congress makes laws (House and Senate).
• C. Article II - Executive Branch: President and executive agencies enforce laws.
• D. Article VII - Ratification: Explains how the Constitution was approved.

Answer: (A)

The question asks which article establishes the Judicial Branch and makes the Supreme Court the highest court. This is done by Article III. It vests the judicial power in the Supreme Court and in such lower courts as Congress may create, and it positions the Supreme Court as the highest court in the land. Article III also lays the groundwork for an independent judiciary, including provisions that help safeguard judges’ tenure and the authority to interpret federal law and the Constitution. By contrast, another article sets up the Legislative Branch (Congress), another handles the Executive Branch (the President and federal agencies), and a different article covers ratification. So the article that creates the Judicial Branch and designates the Supreme Court as the top court is Article III.