Which principle requires a single commander to direct all efforts to a mission or operation?

• A. Surprise
• B. Simplicity
• C. Unity of Command
• D. Restraint

Answer: (C)

Unity of Command means there is one commander who directs all forces and staff actions toward accomplishing the mission, with clear lines of authority and decision-making. This single authority prevents fragmented directions and conflicting priorities, ensuring coordinated, efficient action and accountability for the outcome. In practice, a designated commander integrates operations across all supporting capabilities, streamlines the decision cycle, and harmonizes timing and resource use. While other principles describe how warfare is conducted—such as surprising the enemy, keeping plans simple, or exercising restraint—they do not address who holds the overall directive authority for the operation.